| Proto-Ular | |
| Pronunciation | /u4lar2/ |
| Period | ca. 10000BK - 7000BK |
| Spoken in | Centre of Ular Island |
| Total speakers | unknown |
| Writing system | None |
| Classification | Proto-Ular |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | OSV |
| Morphology | Isolating |
| Alignment | Nominative–accusative |
| Credits | |
| Created by | Iyionaku |
Proto-Ular is the reconstructed proto-language of the family of Ular Languages. It is supposed to be spoken between 10.000-7.000 BK.
The urheimat of the Ular people.
Phonology[]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Plosive |
|
|
|
|||
| Fricative | ||||||
| Flaps | *ѵ | *ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | ɹ | *j |
|
*w | ||
| Lateral Fricative | ||||||
| Lateral Approximant | *l |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | *u | |
| Central | *o | |
| Low |
|
Proto-Ular didn't distinguish if a plosive was soft or hard, but it made a difference if it was aspirated or not.
Proto-Ular seems to have been a tonal language, as it's descendants were too. It seems there where six tones and a 7th, unmarked tone.
1 = very high, marked with acute (á, ó, ú)
2 = falling from high to low, marked with breve (ă, ŏ, ŭ)
3 = middle, marked with makron (ā, ō, ū)
4 = low, marked with grave (à, ò, ù)
5 = increasing from low to high, marked with circumflexe (â, ô, û)
6 = "singing" around the middle-high tone, like in a treole, marked with tilde (ã, õ, ũ)
Transcription:
IPA: /m n ŋ p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ѵ ɾ ɹ j ʟ l w/ Transcript: <m n ng p ph t th k kh v r rh j l lh w/ IPA: /a o u/ Transcript: <a o u> [With diacritics to show the tone]
Phonological constrictions
Plosives and taps are not allowed to be an ablaut. If the anlaut is a non-aspiranted plosive, there is no r allowed as ablaut.
Grammar[]
Proto-Ular was, like its descendants, an isolating language. Differently to some of its descendants, who changed to SOV, Proto-Ular was an OSV-Language.
Nouns
Nouns had no conjugation at all, neither casus nor numerus. When you want to say that there is more than one of something, you added the counting word *ngaw[1? 4?], literally lots.
Verbs
Same for verbs. I have, you have, he has, we have = all the same verb, linguists have reconstructed the form *phăl. Tempi need additional words, like *phăw, yesterday.
Some reconstructed words
| Proto-Ular | Modern English |
|---|---|
| *khán | clay, dirty, hardening |
| *nă | mother, get born |
| *nà | distance, something that is far away |
| *ngõ | anger, angry, to anger |
| *rhām | handsome, attraction, to attract |
| *án | wise, wisdom, to know very much |
| *ãn | wheat, work on fields |
| *ù | land, to own |
| *lăn | I, me, mine, my |
| *lhō | maybe take down |
| *olh [ōlh? õlh?] | problem, to get in trouble, troblish |
| *òng | four-legged, big animal, also: to bank |
| *vul (tone unknown) |
brick |
| *vul pál | house (literally brick building) |
| *thàng ngō |
worker (work man) |
| *páwlh | lake, to swim |
| *lû | good, nice |
| *lû rô | better |
| *lû ró | best |
| *nă fān wă | parents (literally mother and father) |
| *mũg thăw | big city (name of today's metu) |
| *khù | everything that swims in lakes |
| *kù | blood |
| *kû | meat (minimal pairs) |
| *láw | high rising, high, to rise, mountain peak |
| *vō | everything that flies in the air |
| *vō vâ | all kinds of birds |
| *vō kãng | flying insects |
| *jàlh | something, an unknown amount of something |
| *răr | everything and everyone thats male |
| *răr ngō | Man, men |
| *yán | everything and everyone thats femals |
| *yón ngō | Woman, women |
| *ràr ngō rhán | Boy, boys |
| *yón ngō rhán | Girl, girls |
| *ngō rhán | child, children |